<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?><xml><records><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>5</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rudriger Bock</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Jörg Meier</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">László Gábor Nyúl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simone Wärntges</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georg Michelson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joachim Hornegger</style></author></authors><secondary-authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joachim Hornegger</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Ernst W Mayr</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Sergey Schookin</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Hubertus Feußner</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Nassir Navab</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Yuri V. Gulyaev</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Kurt Höller</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Victor Ganzha</style></author></secondary-authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Appearance-based Approach to Extract an Age-related Biomarker from Retinal Images</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">3rd Russian-Bavarian Conference on Bio-Medical Engineering, Proceedings</style></secondary-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><publisher><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg</style></publisher><pub-location><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Erlangen</style></pub-location><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">1</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">127 - 131</style></pages><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;We present an appearance-based method that extracts a new age-related biomarker from retina images. The Principal Component Analysis is applied on intensity values of the illumination corrected green channel of fundus images. The algorithm does not use segmentation, is robust and shows a high range of reliability. It identiﬁed an age-related feature with a strong inﬂuence of the temporal parapapillary area and the optic nerve head. The feature correlates with chronological age of the participants and is signiﬁcantly inﬂuenced by the appearance of cardiovascular risk factors such as smoking and hypertension, and thus it can be designated a biomarker. We extract and validate a medical parameter from retina images applying a purely data-driven approach without using any prior knowledge.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Conference paper</style></work-type></record><record><source-app name="Biblio" version="7.x">Drupal-Biblio</source-app><ref-type>17</ref-type><contributors><authors><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Georg Michelson</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Simone Wärntges</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Rudriger Bock</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">László Gábor Nyúl</style></author><author><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Joachim Hornegger</style></author></authors></contributors><titles><title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Extraction of an Age-Related Biomarker From Retinal Images Using Appearance Based Approach</style></title><secondary-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INVESTIGATIVE OPHTHALMOLOGY &amp; VISUAL SCIENCE</style></secondary-title><short-title><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">INVEST OPHTH VIS SCI</style></short-title></titles><dates><year><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></year><pub-dates><date><style  face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2007</style></date></pub-dates></dates><volume><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">48</style></volume><pages><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">2167</style></pages><isbn><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">0146-0404</style></isbn><language><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">eng</style></language><abstract><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">&lt;p&gt;Purpose:To develop an appropriate algorithm from retina imagesusing an appearance-based version of the Principal Component Analysis and to test the age-related biomarker’s significance for patients at cardiovascular risk. Methods:Sixty-five men (age, 44.2 ± 11.4 years) and 60 women (age, 48.8 ± 12.6 years) without cardiovascular risk factors and without pathologic eye diagnosis were acquired during a clinical non-experimental cross-sectional survey and represented the control group. Forty-four hypertensive men (age, 45.5 ± 9.4 years; hypertensive for 5.9 ± 6.7 years) and 26 hypertensive women (age, 51.2 ± 7.3 years; hypertensive for 7.9 ± 7.1 years) as well as 57 male smokers (age, 41.8 ± 8.5 years; smoking for 20.6 ± 9.8 years; 15.3 ± 8.6 cigarettes per day) and 60 female smokers (age, 43.2 ± 9.5 years; smoking for 20.1 ± 10.7 years; 13.5 ± 8.1 cigarettes per day) were matched for age and sex to the respective number of control subjects. Results:The reliability of the algorithm was 0.958. The retinal biomarker correlated with age (men, -0.284, p = 0.017; women, -0.374, p = 0.001). Smokers showed a lower biomarker value (male, -0.16 ± 1.29; female, -0.12 ± 0.11) than age-matched control subjects (male, 0.72 ± 0.92, p &amp;lt; 0.001; female, 0.24 ± 0.98, p = 0.048). Hypertension had a similar influence to the biomarker in men (0.10 ± 0.84), but not in women (-0.46 ± 1.23) as compared to age-matched controls (male, 0.57 ± 0.95, p = 0.01; female, 0.06 ± 0.99, p = 0.09). Conclusions:The algorithm of the appearance-based version of the Principal Component Analysis identified an age-related image feature dependent on light intensity with a strong influence to the temporal parapapillary area. It may be used to identify patients at cardiovascular risk.&lt;/p&gt;</style></abstract><issue><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">5</style></issue><work-type><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">Journal article</style></work-type><notes><style face="normal" font="default" size="100%">ARVO Meeting Abstracts</style></notes></record></records></xml>